Western Australia
Western Australian Marine Act 1982
Prevention of Collisions at Sea Regulations 1983
Reprint 1: The regulations as at 14 November 2003
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Prevention of Collisions at Sea Regulations 1983
CONTENTS
1.Citation1
2.Commencement1
4.Construction1
5.Master responsible for compliance with regulations2
Part A — General
Rule 1 — Application3
Rule 2 — Responsibility3
Rule 3 — General definitions4
Part B — Steering and sailing rules
Section I — Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility6
Rule 4 — Application6
Rule 5 — Look‑out6
Rule 6 — Safe speed6
Rule 7 — Risk of collision7
Rule 8 — Action to avoid collision7
Rule 9 — Narrow channels8
Rule 10 — Traffic separation schemes9
Section II — Conduct of vessels in sight of one another10
Rule 11 — Application10
Rule 12 — Sailing vessels10
Rule 13 — Overtaking11
Rule 14 — Head‑on situation11
Rule 15 — Crossing situation12
Rule 16 — Action by give‑way vessel12
Rule 17 — Action by stand‑on vessel12
Rule 18 — Responsibilities between vessels13
Section III — Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility13
Rule 19 — Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility13
Part C — Lights and shape
Rule 20 — Application15
Rule 21 — Definitions15
Rule 22 — Visibility of lights16
Rule 23 — Power‑driven vessels underway17
Rule 24 — Towing and pushing17
Rule 25 — Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars19
Rule 26 — Fishing vessels20
Rule 27 — Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre21
Rule 28 — Vessels constrained by their draught23
Rule 29 — Pilot vessels23
Rule 30 — Anchored vessels and vessels aground23
Rule 31 — Seaplanes24
Part D — Sound and light signals
Rule 32 — Definitions25
Rule 33 — Equipment for sound signals25
Rule 34 — Manoeuvring and warning signals25
Rule 35 — Sound signals in restricted visibility27
Rule 36 — Signals to attract attention28
Rule 37 — Distress signals28
Part E — Exemptions
Rule 38 — Exemptions29
Annex I — Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes30
1.Definition30
2.Vertical positioning and spacing of lights30
3.Horizontal positioning and spacing of lights32
4.Location of direction‑indicating lights32
5.Screens for sidelights33
6.Shapes33
7.Colour specification of lights34
8.Intensity of lights34
9.Horizontal sectors35
10.Vertical sectors36
11.Intensity of non‑electric lights36
12.Manoeuvring light36
13.Approval37
Annex II — Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity38
1.General38
2.Signals for trawlers38
3.Signals for purse seiners38
Annex III — Technical details of sound signal appliances39
1.Whistles39
2.Bell or gong41
3.Approval41
Annex IV — Distress signals42
Notes
Compilation table44
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Western Australian Marine Act 1982
Prevention of Collisions at Sea Regulations 1983
These regulations may be cited as the Prevention of Collisions at Sea Regulations 1983 1.
These regulations shall come into operation on 1 July 1983.
[3.
These regulations shall comprise the Rules set out in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 which Rules are set out in Schedule 3 to the Western Australian Marine Act 1982, amended pursuant to Part IV of that Act and set out as so amended in these regulations and shall have effect in relation to vessels, while they are in the area constituted by —
(a)the territorial sea adjacent to the State;
(b)the sea on the landward side of the territorial sea adjacent to the State that is not within the limits of the State; and
(c)waters within the limits of the State.
5.Master responsible for compliance with regulations
The person charged with the responsibility to comply with these regulations in relation to a vessel is the master, officer or person in charge of the navigation, management or working of the vessel and the master, officer or person in charge of the vessel shall not delegate that responsibility to an unqualified person.
(a)These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by sea‑going vessels.
(b)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by sea‑going vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.
(c)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authoriz
(d)Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organisation for the purpose of these Rules.
(e)Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound‑signalling appliances, without interfering with the special function of the vessel, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound‑signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.
(a)Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
(b)In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires: —
(a)The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including non‑displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
(b)The term “power‑driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery.
(c)The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
(d)The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict the manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.
(e)The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.
(f)The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
(g)The term “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term shall include but not be limited to:
(i)a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;
(ii)a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
(iii)a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;
(iv)a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
(v)a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;
(vi)a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
(h)The term “vessel constrained by her draught” means a power‑driven vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth of water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
(i)The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.
(j)The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel means her length overall and greatest breadth.
(k)Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.
(l)The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.
Part B — Steering and sailing rules
Section I — Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility
Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look‑out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:
(a)By all vessels:
(i)the state of visibility;
(ii)the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;
(iii)the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
(iv)at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights;
(v)the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;
(vi)the draught in relation to the available depth of water.
(b)Additionally by vessels with operational radar:
(i)the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;
(ii)any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
(iii)the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;
(iv)the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;
(v)the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;
(vi)the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
(a)Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.
(b)Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational including long‑range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.
(c)Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information especially scanty radar information.
(d)In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:
(i)such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;
(ii)such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.
Rule 8 — Action to avoid collision
(a)Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
(b)Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.
(c)If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close‑quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close‑quarters situation.
(d)Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
(e)If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
(a)A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
(b)A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.
(c)A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
(d)A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(
(e)(i)In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(
(ii)This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.
(f)A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(
(g)Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
Rule 10 — Traffic separation schemes
(a)This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organisation.
(b)A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i)proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
(ii)so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;
(iii)normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c)A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
(d)Inshore traffic zones shall not normally be used by through traffic which can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme, however, vessels of less than 20 metres in length and sailing vessels may under all circumstances use inshore traffic zones.
(e)A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i)in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
(ii)to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
(f)A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
(g)A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
(h)A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
(i)A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
(j)A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power‑driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k)A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
(l)A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
Section II — Conduct of vessels in sight of one another
Rules in this Section apply to vessels in sight of one another.
(a)When two
(i)when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
(ii)when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
(iii)if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
(b)For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square‑rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore‑and‑aft sail is carried.
(a)Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
(b)A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.
(c)When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
(d)Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two
(a)When two
(b)Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
(c)When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.
When two
Rule 16 — Action by give‑way vessel
Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.
Rule 17 — Action by stand‑on vessel
(a)(i)Where one of two
(ii)The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.
(b)When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give‑way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.
(c)A power‑driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with subparagraph (a)(
(d)This Rule does not relieve the give‑way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.
Rule 18 — Responsibilities between vessels
Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:
(a)A power‑driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
(i)a vessel not under command;
(ii)a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii)a vessel engaged in fishing;
(iv)a sailing vessel.
(b)A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
(i)a vessel not under command;
(ii)a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii)a vessel engaged in fishing.
(c)A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:
(i)a vessel not under command;
(ii)a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
(d)(i)Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.
(ii)A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition.
(e)A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part
Section III — Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
Rule 19 — Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
(a)This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.
(b)Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power‑driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.
(c)Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part
(d)A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close‑quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:
(i)an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;
(ii)an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.
(e)Except where it had been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close‑quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.
(a)Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers.
(b)The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look‑out.
(c)The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary.
(d)The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.
(e)The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex l to these regulations.
(a)“Masthead light” means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.
(b)“Sidelights” means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel.
(c)“Sternlight” means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees right aft on each side of the vessel.
(d)“Towing light” means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the “sternlight” defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e)“All‑round light” means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.
(f)“Flashing light” means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.
Rule 22 — Visibility of lights
The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified in Section 8 of Annex I to these regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges:
(a)in vessels of 50 metres or more in length:
—a masthead light, 6 miles;
—sidelight, 2 miles;
—a sternlight, 3 miles;
—a towing light, 3 miles;
—a white, red, green or yellow all‑round light, 3 miles.
(b)In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres in length:
—a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the vessel is less than 20 metres, 3 miles;
—a sidelight, 2 miles;
—a sternlight, 2 miles;
—a towing light, 2 miles;
—a white, red, green or yellow all‑round light, 2 miles.
(c)In vessels of less than 12 metres in length:
—a masthead light, 2 miles;
—a sidelight, l mile;
—a sternlight, 2 miles;
—a towing light, 2 miles;
—a white, red, green or yellow all‑round light, 2 miles.
(d)In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed:
—a white all‑round light, 3 miles.
Rule 23 — Power‑driven vessels underway
(a)A power‑driven vessel underway shall exhibit:
(i)a masthead light forward;
(ii)a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so;
(iii)sidelights;
(iv)a sternlight.
(b)An air‑cushion vessel when operating in the non‑displacement mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all‑round flashing yellow light.
(c)(i)A power‑driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all‑round white light and sidelights;
(ii)A power‑driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length the maximum speed of which does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all‑round white light and shall, if practicable, also exhibit sidelights;
(iii)The masthead light or all‑round white light on a power‑driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may be displaced from the fore and aft centreline of the vessel if centreline fitting is not practicable, provided that the sidelights are combined in one lantern which shall be carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel or located as nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line as the masthead light or the all‑round white light.
(a)A power‑driven vessel when towing shall exhibit:
(i)instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(
(ii)sidelights;
(iii)a sternlight;
(iv)a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight;
(v)when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen.
(b)When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power‑driven vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23.
(c)A power‑driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit:
(i)instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(
(ii)sidelights;
(iii)a sternlight.
(d)A power‑driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule applies shall also comply with Rule 23(
(e)A vessel or object being towed other than those referred to in paragraph (g) of this Rule shall exhibit:
(i)sidelights;
(ii)a sternlight;
(iii)when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen.
(f)Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel:
(i)a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit at the forward end, sidelights;
(ii)a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and at the forward end, sidelights.
(g)An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit:
(i)where less than 25 metres in breadth, one all‑round white light at or near the forward end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not exhibit a light at or near the forward end;
(ii)where 25 metres or more in breadth, two
(iii)where it exceeds 100 metres in length, additional all‑round white lights between the lights prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph
(iv)a diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres an additional diamond shape where it can best be seen and located as far forward as is practicable.
(h)Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g) of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of such vessel or object.
(i)Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel not normally engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule, such vessel shall not be required to exhibit those lights when engaged in towing another vessel in distress or otherwise in need of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing vessel and the vessel being towed as authoriz
Rule 25 — Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars
(a)A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit:
(i)sidelights;
(ii)a sternlight.
(b)In a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen.
(c)A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two
(d)(i)A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.
(ii)A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.
(e)A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards.
(a)A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.
(b)A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit:
(i)two
(ii)a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all‑round green light; a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so;
(iii)when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
(c)A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit:
(i)two
(ii)when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizontally from the vessel, an all‑round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear;
(iii)when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
(d)A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing may exhibit the additional signals described in Annex II to these regulations.
(e)A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length.
Rule 27 — Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre
(a)A vessel not under command shall exhibit:
(i)two
(ii)two
(iii)when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
(b)A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations, shall exhibit:
(i)three
(ii)three
(iii)when making way through the water, a masthead light or lights, sidelights and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i);
(iv)when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the light, or lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.
(c)A power‑driven vessel engaged in a towing operation which severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule (24)(
(d)A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(
(i)two
(ii)two
(iii)when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.
(e)Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule, the following shall be exhibited:
(i)three
(ii)a rigid replica of the International Code flag “A” not less than 1 metre in height. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all‑round visibility.
(f)A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations shall in addition to the lights prescribed for a power‑driven vessel in Rule 23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rule 30 as appropriate, exhibit three
(g)Vessels of less than 12 metres in length, except those engaged in diving operations, shall not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.
(h)The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these regulations.
Rule 28 — Vessels constrained by their draught
A vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to the lights prescribed for power‑driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three
(a)A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit:
(i)at or near the masthead, two
(ii)when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight;
(iii)when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor.
(b)A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length.
Rule 30 — Anchored vessels and vessels aground
(a)A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen:
(i)in the forepart, an all‑round white light or one ball;
(ii)at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in subparagraph (i), an all‑round white light.
(b)A vessel of less than 50 metres in length may exhibit an all‑round white light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule.
(c)A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more in length shall, also use the available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks.
(d)A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen;
(i)two
(ii)three
(e)A vessel of less than 7 metres in length, when at anchor, not in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shape prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule.
(f)A vessel of less than 12 metres in length, when aground, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (d)(
Where it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit the lights and shapes of the characteristics or in the position prescribed in the Rules of this Part
[Rule 31 amended in Gazette 14 Oct 1983 p. 4163.]
Part D — Sound and light signals
[Heading amended in Gazette 14 Oct 1983 p. 4163.]
(a)The word “whistle” means any sound signalling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex III to these regulations.
(b)The term “short blast” means a blast of about one second’s duration.
(c)The term “prolonged blast” means a blast from four
Rule 33 — Equipment for sound signals
(a)A vessel of 12 metres or more in length shall be provided with a whistle and a bell and a vessel of 100 metres or more in length shall, in addition, be provided with a gong, the tone and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell. The whistle, bell and gong shall comply with the specifications in Annex III to these regulations. The bell or gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the prescribed signals shall always be possible.
(b)A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signalling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient sound signal.
Rule 34 — Manoeuvring and warning signals
(a)When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway, when manoeuvring as authoriz
—one short blast to mean “I am altering my course to starboard”;
—two
—three
(b)Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, whilst the manoeuvre is being carried out:
(i)these light signals shall have the following significance:
—one flash to mean “I am altering my course to starboard”;
—two
—three
(ii)the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the interval between flashes shall be about one second, and the interval between successive signals shall not be less than ten
(iii)the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an all‑round white light, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these regulations.
(c)When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway:
(i)a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule 9(
—two
—two
(ii)the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule 9(
—one prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, in that order.
(d)When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five
(e)A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction.
(f)If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warning signals.
Rule 35 — Sound signals in restricted visibility
In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:
(a)A power‑driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.
(b)A power‑driven vessel under way but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two
(c)A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three
(d)A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e)A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the two
(f)When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power‑driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.
(g)A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three
(h)A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three
(i)A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the abovementioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
(j)A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (g) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four
Rule 36 — Signals to attract attention
If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal authoriz
When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the signals described in Annex IV to these regulations.
Any vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with the requirements of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1960, the keel of which is laid or which is at a corresponding stage of construction before the coming into operation of these regulations may be exempted from compliance therewith as follows:
(a)The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from imperial to metric units and rounding off measurement figures, permanent exemption.
(b)(i)The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less than 150 metres in length, resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(
(ii)The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 metres or more in length, resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(
(c)The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the prescriptions of Section 2(
(d)The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of Section 2(
(e)The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex III to these regulations, until 9 years after the date of the coming into operation of these regulations.
(f)The repositioning of all‑round lights resulting from the prescription of Section 9(
Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes
The term “height above the hull” means height above the uppermost continuous deck. This height shall be measured from the position vertically beneath the location of the light.
2.Vertical positioning and spacing of lights
(a)On a power‑driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the masthead lights shall be placed as follows:
(i)the forward masthead light, or if only one masthead light is carried, then that light, at a height above the hull of not less than 6 metres, and if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 metres, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so however that the light need not be placed at a greater height above the hull than 12 metres;
(ii)when two
(b)The vertical separation of masthead lights of power‑driven vessels shall be such that in all normal conditions of trim the after light will be seen over and separate from the forward light at a distance of 1 000 metres from the stem when viewed from sea level.
(c)The masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 metres but less than 20 metres in length shall be placed at a height above the gunwale of not less than 2.5 metres.
(d)A power‑driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may carry the uppermost light at a height of not less than 2.5 metres above the gunwale. When however a masthead light is carried in addition to sidelights and a sternlight, then such masthead light shall be carried at least 1 metre higher than the sidelights.
(e)One of the two
(f)The masthead light or lights prescribed in Rule 23(
(fa)When it is impracticable to carry the all‑round lights prescribed by Rule 27(
(g)The sidelights of a power‑driven vessel shall be placed at a height above the hull not greater than the three
(h)The sidelights, if in a combined lantern and carried on a power‑driven vessel of less than 20 metres in length, shall be placed not less than 1 metre below the masthead light.
(i)When the Rules prescribe two
(i)on a vessel of 20 metres in length or more such lights shall be spaced not less than 2 metres apart, and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required, be placed at a height of not less than 4 metres above the hull;
(ii)on a vessel of less than 20 metres in length such lights shall be spaced not less than 1 metre apart and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required, be placed at a height of not less than 2 metres above the hull;
(iii)when three
(j)The lower of the two
(k)The forward anchor light prescribed in Rule 30(
3.Horizontal positioning and spacing of lights
(a)When two
(b)On a power‑driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the sidelights shall not be placed in front of the forward masthead lights. They shall be placed at or near the side of the vessel.
(c)When the lights prescribed in Rule 27(
4.Location of direction‑indicating lights
Details of location of direction‑indicating lights for fishing vessels, dredgers and vessels engaged in underwater operations:
(a)The light indicating the direction of the outlying gear from a vessel engaged in fishing as prescribed in Rule 26(
(b)The lights and shapes on a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations to indicate the obstructed side and/or the side on which it is safe to pass, as prescribed in Rule 27(
The sidelights of vessels of 20 metres or more in length shall be fitted with inboard screens painted matt black, and meeting the requirements of Section 9 of this Annex. On vessels of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights, if necessary to meet the requirements of Section 9 of this Annex, shall be fitted with inboard matt black screens. With a combined lantern, using a single, vertical filament and a very narrow division between the green and red sections, external screens need not be fitted.
(a)Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes:
(i)a ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0.6 metre;
(ii)a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metre and a height equal to its diameter;
(iii)a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and a height of twice its diameter;
(iv)a diamond shape shall consist of two
(b)The vertical distance between shapes shall be at least 1.5 metres.
(c)In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length shapes of lesser dimensions but commensurate with the size of the vessel may be used and the distance apart may be correspondingly reduced.
7.Colour specification of lights
The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following standards, which lie within the boundaries of the area of the diagram specified for each colour by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The boundaries of the area for each colour are given by indicating the corner co‑ordinates, which are as follows:
(i)White —
x 0.5250.5250.4520.3100.3100.443
y 0.3820.4400.4400.3480.2830.382
(ii)Green —
x 0.0280.0090.3000.203
y 0.3850.7230.5110.356
(iii)Red —
x 0.6800.6600.7350.721
y 0.3200.3200.2650.259
(iv)Yellow —
x 0.6120.6180.5750.575
y 0.3820.3820.4250.406
(a)The minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by using the formula:
I = 3.43 x 106 x T x D2 x K‑D
where Iis luminous intensity in candelas under service conditions,
Tis threshold factor 2 x 10‑7 lux,
Dis range of visibility (luminous range) of the light in nautical miles,
Kis atmospheric transmissivity.
For prescribed lights the value of K shall be 0.8, corresponding to a meteorological visibility of approximately 13 nautical miles.
(b)A selection of figures derived from the formula is given in the following table
Range of visibility (luminous range) of light in nautical miles |
Luminous intensity of light in candelas for K=0.8 |
D |
I |
1 |
0.9 |
2 |
4.3 |
3 |
12 |
4 |
27 |
5 |
52 |
6 |
94 |
Note:The maximum luminous intensity of navigation lights should be limited to avoid undue glare. This shall not be achieved by a variable control of the luminous intensity.
(a)(i)In the forward direction, sidelights as fitted in the vessel shall show the minimum required intensities. The intensities shall decrease to reach practical cut‑off between 1 degree and 3 degrees outside the prescribed sectors;
(ii)For sternlights and masthead lights and at 22.5 degrees abaft the beam for sidelights, the minimum required intensities shall be maintained over the arc of the horizon up to 5 degrees within the limits of the sectors prescribed in Rule 21. From 5 degrees within the prescribed sectors the intensity may decrease by 50 per cent
(b)All‑round lights shall be so located as not to be obscured by masts, topmasts or structures within angular sectors of more than 6 degrees, except anchor lights prescribed in Rule 30, which need not be placed at an impractical height above the hull.
(a)The vertical sectors of electric lights as fitted, with the exception of lights on sailing vessels shall ensure that:
(i)at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal;
(ii)at least 60 per cent
(b)In the case of sailing vessels the vertical sectors of electric lights as fitted, shall ensure that —
(i)at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal;
(ii)at least 50 per cent
(c)In the case of lights other than electric these specifications shall be met as closely as possible.
11.Intensity of non‑electric lights
Non‑electric lights shall so far as practicable comply with the minimum intensities, as specified in the Table given in Section 8 of this Annex.
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 2(
The construction of lights and shapes and the installation of lights on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the State the flag of which the vessel is entitled to fly.
[Annex I amended in Gazette 14 Oct 1983 p. 4163.]
Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity
The lights mentioned herein shall, if exhibited in pursuance of Rule 26(
(a)Vessels when engaged in trawling, whether using demersal or pelagic gear, may exhibit;
(i)when shooting their nets: two
(ii)when hauling their nets: one white light over one red light in a vertical line;
(iii)when the net has come fast upon an obstruction: two
(b)Each vessel engaged in pair trawling may exhibit:
(i)by night, a searchlight directed forward and in the direction of the other vessel of the pair;
(ii)when shooting or hauling their nets or when their nets have come fast upon an obstruction, the lights prescribed in 2(
Vessels engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibit two
[Annex II amended in Gazette 14 Oct 1983 p. 4163.]
Technical details of sound signal appliances
(a)Frequencies and range of audibility —
The fundamental frequency of the signal shall lie within the range 70‑700 Hz.
The range of audibility of the signal from a whistle shall be determined by those frequencies, which may include the fundamental and/or one or more higher frequencies which lie within the range 180‑700 Hz (± 1 per cent
(b)Limits of fundamental frequencies —
To ensure a wide variety of whistle characteristics, the fundamental frequency of a whistle shall be between the following limits:
(i)70‑200 Hz, for a vessel 200 metres or more in length;
(ii)130‑350 Hz, for a vessel 75 metres but less than 200 metres in length;
(iii)250‑700 Hz, for a vessel less than 75 metres in length.
(c)Sound signal intensity and range of audibility —
A whistle fitted in a vessel shall provide, in the direction of maximum intensity of the whistle and at a distance of 1 metre from it, a sound pressure level in at least one 1/3rd‑octave band within the range of frequencies 180‑700 Hz (± l per cent
Length of vessel in metres |
1/3rd‑octave band level at 1 metre in dB referred to 2 x 10‑5 N/m2 |
Audibility range in nautical miles |
200 or more |
143 |
2 |
75 but less than 200 |
138 |
1.5 |
20 but less than 75 |
130 |
1 |
Less than 20 |
120 |
0.5 |
The range of audibility in the table
In practice the range at which a whistle may be heard is extremely variable and depends critically on weather conditions; the values given can be regarded as typical but under conditions of strong wind or high ambient noise level at the listening post the range may be much reduced.
(d)Directional properties —
The sound pressure level of a directional whistle shall be not more than 4 dB below the prescribed sound pressure level on the axis at any direction in the horizontal plane within ± 45 degrees of the axis. The sound pressure level at any other direction in the horizontal plane shall be not more than 10 dB below the prescribed sound pressure level on the axis, so that the range in any direction will be at least half the range on the forward axis. The sound pressure level shall be measured in that 1/3rd‑octave band which determines the audibility range.
(e)Positioning of whistles —
When a directional whistle is to be used as the only whistle on a vessel it shall be installed with its maximum intensity directed straight ahead.
A whistle shall be placed as high as practicable on a vessel, in order to reduce interception of the emitted sound by obstructions and also to minimiz
(f)Fitting of more than one whistle —
If whistles are fitted at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, it shall be so arranged that they are not sounded simultaneously.
(g)Combined whistle systems —
If due to the presence of obstructions the sound field of a single whistle or of one of the whistles referred to in paragraph 1(
(a)Intensity of signal —
A bell or gong, or other device having similar sound characteristics shall produce a sound pressure level of not less than 110 dB at a distance of 1 metre from it.
(b)Construction —
Bells and gongs shall be made of corrosion‑resistant material and designed to give a clear tone. The diameter of the mouth of the bell shall be not less than 300 mm for vessels of 20 metres or more in length, and shall be not less than 200 mm for vessels of 12 metres or more but of less than 20 metres in length. Where practicable, a power‑driven bell striker is recommended to ensure constant force but manual operation shall be possible. The mass of the striker shall be not less than 3 per cent
The construction of sound signal appliances, their performance and their installation on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the State the flag of which the vessel is entitled to fly.
1.The following signals, used or exhibited either together or separately, indicate distress and need of assistance:
(a)a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;
(b)a continuous sounding with any fog‑signalling apparatus;
(c)rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals;
(d)a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signalling method consisting of the group . . . — — — . . . (SOS) in the Morse Code;
(e)a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word “Mayday”;
(f)the International Code Signal of distress indicated by N. C.;
(g)a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball;
(h)flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.);
(i)a rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light;
(j)a smoke signal giving off orange‑coloured smoke;
(k)slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side;
(l)the radiotelegraph alarm signal;
(m)the radiotelephone alarm signal;
(n)signals transmitted by emergency position‑indicating radio beacons.
2.The use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for the purpose of indicating distress and need of assistance and the use of other signals which may be confused with any of the above signals is prohibited.
3.Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International Code of Signals, the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the following signals:
(a)a piece of orange‑coloured canvas with either a black square and circle or other appropriate symbol (for identification from the air);
(b)a dye marker.
Notes
1This reprint is a compilation as at 14 November 2003 of the Prevention of Collisions at Sea Regulations 1983 and includes the amendments made by the other written laws referred to in the following table
Citation |
Gazettal |
Commencement |
Prevention of Collisions at Sea Regulations 1983 |
1 Jul 1983 p. 2241‑62 |
1 Jul 1983 (see r. 2) |
Prevention of Collisions at Sea Amendment Regulations (No. 2) 1983 |
14 Oct 1983 p. 4163 |
14 Oct 1983 |
Reprint 1: The Prevention of Collisions at Sea Regulations 1983 as at 14 Nov 2003 (includes amendments listed above) |
||
By Authority: JOHN A. STRIJK, Government Printer